Herzberg’s Motivation Theory - Two-Factor Theory

Herzberg’s Motivation Theory, also called the Two-Factor Theory, identifies two types of factors that influence motivation in the workplace.

The first type comprises motivating factors, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth. When present, these factors can motivate people to work hard.

The second type comprises hygiene factors, such as appropriate company policies, supervision, relationships, work environment, compensation, and job security. These factors do not automatically increase workers’ motivation, but their absence will reduce employee motivation.

When plotted on a 2x2 chart, the high motivation/high hygiene quadrant represents the ideal state. To achieve optimal performance, organisations should first address all hygiene issues, then incorporate as many motivating factors as possible through initiatives such as job enrichment, job enlargement, or employee empowerment to boost job satisfaction.

This theory is particularly applicable to white-collar office workers.